Many of the letterforms differed from those of modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal in manuscripts, and changed over time. The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (in cirillico Иван Константинович Айвазовский) (Feodosiya, 29 luglio 1817 – 5 maggio 1900) è stato un pittore russo di origine armena, … In the 9th century AD the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon I the Great, following the cultural and political course of his father Boris I, commissioned a new script, the Early Cyrillic alphabet, to be made at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire, which would replace the Glagolitic script, produced earlier by Saints Cyril and Methodius and the same disciples that created the new Slavic script in Bulgaria. Rispetto ad altri alfabeti cirillici, l'alfabeto ucraino moderno è più simile a quelli delle altre lingue slave orientali : bielorusso , russo e rusyn . Paul Cubberley (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". The Elements of Typographic Style (versione 2.5), pagg. [citation needed]. For centuries Cyrillic was used by Catholic and Muslim Slavs too (see Bosnian Cyrillic). ^ 4 L'apostrofo indica che la consonante che precede una vocale morbida non èpalatalizzata, quando altrimenti lo sarebbe. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. [7], The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death.[8]. La palatalizzazione delle consonanti prima di е , у , а è indicata scrivendo invece la lettera corrispondente є , ю , я (ma la palatalizzazione prima di і di solito non è indicata). For example, the separatist Chechen government mandated a Latin script which is still used by many Chechens. A notable example of such linguistic reform can be attributed to Vuk Stefanović Karadžić who updated the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by removing certain graphemes no longer represented in the vernacular, and introducing graphemes specific to Serbian (i.e. Tradition holds that Cyrillic and Glagolitic were formalized either by Saints Cyril and Methodius who brought Christianity to the southern Slavs, or by their disciples. Unicode discussion is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Some Bulgarian intellectuals, notably Stefan Tsanev, have expressed concern over this, and have suggested that the Cyrillic script be called the "Bulgarian alphabet" instead, for the sake of historical accuracy. [9][10], In 1941, the Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia banned the use of Cyrillic,[11] having regulated it on 25 April 1941,[12] and in June 1941 began eliminating "Eastern" (Serbian) words from the Croatian language, and shut down Serbian schools.[13][14]. Ci sono altre eccezioni al principio fonemico nell'alfabeto. Russian Keyboard (Cyrillic Virtual Keyboard) with Russian Spell Checking. Ivan è un nome proprio di persona italiano maschile[1][2][3]. The Zhuang alphabet, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. Tra queste, di Oleksiy Pavlovskiy grammatica , Panteleimon Kulish s' Kulishivka , il Drahomanivka promosso da mykhailo drahomanov , e di Yevhen Zhelekhivsky Zhelekhivka , che ha omologato le lettere ї ( ji ) e ґ ( g ). A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. L'alfabeto è cambiato per tenere il passo con i cambiamenti nella lingua, poiché i dialetti regionali si sono sviluppati nelle moderne lingue ucraine, bielorusse e russe . History and development of the Cyrillic alphabet, https://unicode.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrillic?oldid=2809, American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (, combinations that are considered as separate letters of respective alphabets, like, two most frequent combinations orthographically required to distinguish. Saints Cyril and Methodius "Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, “Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature. A few exceptions include: To indicate stressed or long vowels, combining diacritical marks can be used after the respective letter (for example, .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}U+0301 ◌́ .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT: ы́ э́ ю́ я́ etc.). Uno di questi decreti fu il famigerato Ems Ukaz del 1876 , che bandì il Kulishivka e impose un'ortografia russa fino al 1905 (chiamato Yaryzhka , dopo la lettera russa yery ы). The name "Cyrillic" often confuses people who are not familiar with the script's history, because it does not identify a country of origin (in contrast to the "Greek alphabet"). When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts or fonts are unavailable, computer users sometimes use transliteration or look-alike "volapuk" encoding to type in languages that are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Per altri sistemi, vedere romanizzazione dell'ucraino . Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Online keyboard to type a text with the Cyrillic characters of the Serbian alphabet In Daniels and Bright, eds. Prende il nome da San Cirillo , che con suo fratello Metodio aveva creato la prima scrittura glagolitica slava. Serbian and Macedonian italic and cursive forms of lowercase letters б, г, д, п, and т differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets. It was the only opportunity to get access to some texts, i.e. Esempi: джмiль (un calabrone), бджoлa (un'ape), дзвоник (una campana). The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (Serbian: српска ћирилица/srpska ćirilica, pronounced [sr̩̂pskaː t͡ɕirǐlit͡sa]) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic script for Serbian language, developed in 1818 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić. In Standard Serbian, as well as in Macedonian,[19] some italic and cursive letters are allowed to be different to resemble more to the handwritten letters. Riferimento bibliografico: Bringhurst, Robert (2002). However, the native font terminology in most Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words "roman" and "italic" in this sense. Tipograficamente , le piccole (minuscole) le lettere sono molto simili a piccole-caps versioni dei capitali , anche se facce sofisticati possono avere un font maiuscoletto che è differente dalla minuscola. Cyrillic is nominally the official script of Serbia's administration according to the Serbian constitution;[35] however, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means. [24] It must be noted here that 'alphabet' is not the same as 'script' (e.g. punti interrogativi, caselle o altri simboli, La grammatica slava di Meletiy Smotrytsky, Traslitterazione scientifica del cirillico, Accademia delle Scienze della SSR ucraina, licenza Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Dalla fine del XVIII secolo ai giorni nostri, una 'semi-lettera', simile in uso al russo, Wikimedia Commons ha file multimediali relativi. Cyrillic was created by the orders of Boris I of Bulgaria by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the Preslav Literary School in the 890s. Other character encoding systems for Cyrillic: Each language has its own standard keyboard layout, adopted from typewriters. under Linux only), and some others provide required OpenType support. (1928) Ukraïns'kyĭ pravopys. There were also commonly used ligatures like ѠТ = Ѿ. Durante il periodo della Perestrojka in URSS, nel 1987 fu creata una nuova Commissione ortografica ucraina. The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. Letters became distinguished between upper and lower case. In Serbia, Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has the official status (designated in the Constitution as the "official script", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). West European typography culture was also adopted. Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter І: Ꙗ (not an ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from Ѧ), Ѥ, Ю (ligature of І and ОУ), Ѩ, Ѭ. Љ Њ Ђ Ћ Џ Ј), distancing it from Church Slavonic alphabet in use prior to the reform. Few fonts include glyphs sufficient to reproduce the alphabet. ", "On the relationship of old Church Slavonic to the written language of early Rus'" Horace G. Lunt; Russian Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 2–3 / January, 1987, accession of Bulgaria to the European Union, International Organization for Standardization, Keyboard layouts for non-Latin alphabetic scripts, "The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire", "Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European", "Alphabet soup as Kazakh leader orders switch from Cyrillic to Latin letters", "Mongolia to restore traditional alphabet by 2025", "Serbian signs of the times are not in Cyrillic", "IOS Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set", "Los problemas del estudio de la lengua sefardí", History and development of the Cyrillic alphabet, data entry in Old Cyrillic / Стара Кирилица, Cyrillic and its Long Journey East – NamepediA Blog, "Latin Alphabet for the Russian Language", Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&oldid=989192376, Articles containing Russian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Working Group on Romanization Systems, American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (, combinations that are considered as separate letters of respective alphabets, like, two most frequent combinations orthographically required to distinguish. Appare anche dopo le consonanti labiali in alcune parole, come ім'яя "nome". Ha anche rivisto l'ordine alfabetico, spostando il segno morbido ü dalla fine dell'alfabeto, in una posizione prima della lettera ю , che aiuta a ordinare il testo ucraino insieme al bielorusso (su proposta di LM Ivanenko del Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics). There are various systems for Romanization of Cyrillic text, including transliteration to convey Cyrillic spelling in Latin letters, and transcription to convey pronunciation. These additional letters were used for Old Church Slavonic sounds not found in Greek. Essendo una variante di Giovanni, l'onomastico si può festeggiare il suo stesso giorno, in memoria di santi quali Giovanni Battista, Giovanni apostolo ed evangelista e Giovanni Bosco. This Russian Keyboard enables you to easily type Russian online without installing Russian keyboard.You can use your computer keyboard or mouse to type Russian letters with this online keyboard. Other Cyrillic alphabets include the Molodtsov alphabet for the Komi language and various alphabets for Caucasian languages. In Daniels and Bright, eds. For national variants of the Cyrillic script, see, 1780s Romanian text (Lord's Prayer), written with the Cyrillic script, Letters Ge, De, I, I kratkoye, Me, Te, Tse, Be and Ve in upright (printed) and cursive (handwritten) variants. The Cyrillic script (/sɪˈrɪlɪk/ sih-RIL-ik) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, some of the former republics officially shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494). It does not use hard sign (ъ) and soft sign (ь), but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. As of Unicode version 13.0, Cyrillic letters, including national and historical alphabets, are encoded across several blocks: The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are essentially the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. Saints Cyril and Methodius "Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, "Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature. A page from Azbuka, the first Russian textbook, printed by Ivan Fyodorov in 1574. The Cyrillic alphabet was created in the First Bulgarian Empire and is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and consonants from the older Glagolitic alphabet for sounds not found in Greek. [25] Its first variant, the Early Cyrillic alphabet, was created at the Preslav Literary School. Windows-1251 funziona per l'alfabeto ucraino, così come per altri alfabeti cirillici. For the Latin variant of Serbian, see, Differences from other Cyrillic alphabets. In his letters from 1815-1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. Ivan Dujčev” and other Sofia’s repositories are rich in manuscripts and quite well preserved rare editions of Cyrillic Tetraevangelions from 16 th century. The early Cyrillic alphabet is difficult to represent on computers. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 0-88179-133-4 . 'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library, This page was last edited on 17 November 2020, at 15:58. Both alphabets were co-official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, some of the former republics officially shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improves computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern Church Slavonic language. Thus, unlike the majority of modern Greek fonts that retained their own set of design principles for lower-case letters (such as the placement of serifs, the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules, although Greek capital letters do use Latin design principles), modern Cyrillic fonts are much the same as modern Latin fonts of the same font family. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. ^ 1 La pronuncia di/ w /varia a seconda del contesto; è labiale prima delle vocali posteriori e labiodentale prima delle vocali anteriori. Varie riforme dell'alfabeto da parte di studiosi di lingua slava ecclesiastica, rutena e russa hanno causato la divergenza della parola scritta e parlata in quantità variabili. Among others, Cyrillic is the standard script for writing the following languages: The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska,[23] Slavic Europe (except for Western Slavic and some Southern Slavic), the Caucasus, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (still found on many icon inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters. Cyrillic uppercase and lowercase letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Cubberley, Paul (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". The first alphabet derived from Cyrillic was Abur, used for the Komi language. [17][18] That presents a challenge in Unicode modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Cyrillic and Glagolitic were used for the Church Slavonic language, especially the Old Church Slavonic variant. Standard Serbian uses both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts. [24] It must be noted here that 'alphabet' is not the same as 'script' (e.g. Il cirillico era basato sulla scrittura onciale greca e adottava lettere glagolitiche per alcuni suoni che erano assenti in greco ... Ivan Ohienko (1919). The ligatures ⟨Љ⟩ and ⟨Њ⟩, together with ⟨Џ⟩, ⟨Ђ⟩ and ⟨Ћ⟩ were developed specially for the Serbian alphabet. Sotto il governo bolscevico dell'Ucraina , le ortografie ucraine furono confermate nel 1920 e nel 1921. Those in the diaspora especially refuse to use the Chechen Cyrillic alphabet, which they associate with Russian imperialism. È anche vocalizzato a[u̯]nella coda della sillaba. [7] With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following Latin and Greek.[8]. Durante il periodo di Ukrainization in sovietica Ucraina, la Conferenza Internazionale ortografica 1927 è stata convocata a Kharkiv , dal 26 maggio al 6 giugno Alla conferenza, un'ortografia ucraino standardizzato e metodo per traslitterare parole straniere sono state stabilite, un compromesso tra Galizia e proposte sovietiche , chiamato l'ortografia di Kharkiv, o Skrypnykivka , dal nome del commissario ucraino per l'istruzione Mykola Skrypnyk . For national variants of the Cyrillic script, see, 1780s Romanian text (Lord's Prayer), written with the Cyrillic script, Letters Ge, De, I, I kratkoye, Me, Te, Tse, Be and Ve in upright (printed) and cursive (handwritten) variants. Upright Cyrillic lowercase letters are essentially small capitals (with exceptions: Cyrillic ⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨і⟩, ⟨ј⟩, ⟨р⟩, and ⟨у⟩ adopted Western lowercase shapes, lowercase ⟨ф⟩ is typically designed under the influence of Latin ⟨p⟩, lowercase ⟨б⟩, ⟨ђ⟩ and ⟨ћ⟩ are traditional handwritten forms), although a good-quality Cyrillic typeface will still include separate small-caps glyphs.[17]. Oltre all'italiano, si è diffuso anche in altre lingue dell'Europa occidentale, quali l'inglese (dal tardo XIX secolo)[4][6], lo spagnolo (come Iván) e il catalano[7]. Un e) б ( tr. In Galizia, il governo locale dominato dalla Polonia ha cercato di introdurre un alfabeto latino per l'ucraino , che ha fallito provocando un'accesa "Guerra degli alfabeti", portando la questione dell'ortografia agli occhi del pubblico. Note: in some fonts or styles, lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨д⟩ (⟨д⟩) may look like Latin ⟨g⟩ and lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨т⟩ (⟨т⟩) may look exactly like a capital italic ⟨T⟩ (⟨T⟩), only smaller. Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms (ru) in the early 18th century. In the early 18th century, the Cyrillic script used in Russia was heavily reformed by Peter the Great, who had recently returned from his Grand Embassy in Western Europe. Among others, Cyrillic is the standard script for writing the following languages: The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska,[23] Slavic Europe (except for Western Slavic and some Southern Slavic), the Caucasus, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. Thus, in non-italic mode: Since Unicode unifies different glyphs in same characters,[20] font support must be present to display the correct variant. Some Bulgarian intellectuals, notably Stefan Tsanev, have expressed concern over this, and have suggested that the Cyrillic script be called the "Bulgarian alphabet" instead, for the sake of historical accuracy. In Daniels and Bright, eds. In Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian and Slovak, the Cyrillic alphabet is also known as azbuka, derived from the old names of the first two letters of most Cyrillic alphabets (just as the term alphabet came from the first two Greek letters alpha and beta). Standard Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems include: See also Romanization of Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kyrgyz, Russian, Macedonian and Ukrainian. La Zhelekhivka divenne ufficiale in Galizia nel 1893 e fu adottata da molte pubblicazioni dell'Ucraina orientale dopo la Rivoluzione. Vedi iotation . With the flexibility of computer input methods, there are also transliterating or phonetic/homophonic keyboard layouts made for typists who are more familiar with other layouts, like the common English QWERTY keyboard. The letter Щ is not used. Bringhurst (2002) writes "in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets. Today, many languages in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and northern Eurasia are written in Cyrillic alphabets. in Daniels, Peter T., and William Bright, eds. In Daniels and Bright, eds. [30][31][32][33][34] The alphabet used for the modern Church Slavonic language in Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic rites still resembles early Cyrillic. Ci sono anche digrafi che sono pronunciati come un unico suono: дж, che suona come dg nella conoscenza , e дз. Karadžić reformed the Serbian literary language and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung' model and Jan Hus' Czech alphabet. I digrafi дз e дж sono normalmente usati per rappresentare singole affricate / d͡z / e / d͡ʒ / . [26][27][28][29] Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Simeon the Great that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books. The Cyrillic script (/ s ɪ ˈ r ɪ l ɪ k / sih-RIL-ik) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: Orders issued on the 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, limiting it for use in religious instruction. Inoltre, le consonanti alveolari sono palatalizzate quando seguite da certe vocali: д , з , л , н , р , с , т , ц e дз sono ammorbidite quando sono seguite da una vocale "morbida": є , і , ю , я . For example, the separatist Chechen government mandated a Latin script which is still used by many Chechens. In the Russian language syllabaries, especially the Japanese kana, are commonly referred to as 'syllabic azbukas' rather than 'syllabic scripts'. L'alfabeto è composto da trentatré lettere, che rappresentano trentotto fonemi (unità significative di suono) e un segno aggiuntivo: l'apostrofo. The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. Italic forms significantly different from their upright analogues, or especially confusing to users of a Latin alphabet, are highlighted. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which was published in 1868. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform the Serbian language and its orthography. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. L'ucraino parlato ha una storia ininterrotta, ma la lingua letteraria ha subito due grandi fratture storiche. A bold italic combination (bold slanted) does not exist for all font families. letter Її exists in the Cyrillic script since its very invention and is still used in Ukrainian, but is absent in the modern Bulgarian alphabet, that is Cyrillic as used in Bulgarian), so the accurate name is actually 'the Bulgarian script'. Cyrillic is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by letters from the older Glagolitic alphabet, including some ligatures. Il primo alfabeto cirillico fu portato nella Rus ' di Kiev alla fine del primo millennio, insieme al cristianesimo e all'antica lingua slava ecclesiastica . Karadžić based his alphabet on the previous "Slavonic-Serbian" script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotified vowels, introducing ⟨J⟩ from the Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology. Hence expressions such as "И is the tenth Cyrillic letter" typically refer to the order of the Church Slavonic alphabet; not every Cyrillic alphabet uses every letter available in the script. When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts or fonts are unavailable, computer users sometimes use transliteration or look-alike "volapuk" encoding to type in languages that are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Pressing Esc on the Russian keyboard layout will toggle the mouse input between virtual QWERTY keyboard and virtual Russian keyboard. Il segno morbido ü non ha significato se scritto da solo, ma quando viene scritto dopo una consonante, indica che la consonante è morbida ( palatalizzata ). (Top is set in Georgia font, bottom in Odessa Script.). It is also an official script in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro, along with Latin. Among the general public, it is often called "the Russian alphabet," because Russian is the most popular and influential alphabet based on the script. Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in the country up to the inter-war period. ⟨Љ⟩, ⟨Њ⟩ and ⟨Џ⟩ were later adopted for use in the Macedonian alphabet. Cyrillic uppercase and lowercase letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Il testo ucraino è talvolta romanizzato : scritto in alfabeto latino , per lettori non cirillici o sistemi di trascrizione. The Zhuang alphabet, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters.
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